Cosmetic Surgeries and Beauty - 505 Words

Cosmetic surgery â€Å"Beauty is not in the face; beauty is a light in the heart. Kahlil Gibran. Beauty is not an easy word to define; people may display a different explanations and attitudes toward the real meaning of this word. While some individuals define beauty as our physical, visual appearance, others, find that beauty is more about people’s true feelings and personalities. However, a lot of people who pay more attention to their physical beauty have started to consider getting cosmetic surgeries to enhance their aesthetic appearance. Actually, there are two terms that may look similar at first sight, but in fact, the purpose of each is completely different; these terms are plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery. According to AACS, plastic surgery is a specific type of surgeries that specialized in the reconstruction of the body or face areas that distorted due to accidents, diseases, or as a result of birth defects. While cosmetic surgery is a subset of a plastic surgery that designed for beautify willingness by reshape the normal body parts, but not for reconstructive reasons; it is more about a personal choice. The history of plastic surgery return back to thousands of years ago. According to JYI, a science journal, the first appearance of the plastic surgery was in India in 600 B.C and it was known as â€Å"nose repair† due to the fact that surgeons were performing nose surgeries for criminals who were punished according to Indian penal systems by amputation theirShow MoreRelatedThe Beauty Of Cosmetic Surgery899 Words   |  4 Pagesartificial enhancement. The interest of celebrity is gazing at their body-parts, and it links the relationship between celebrity culture and cosmetic surgery. While there is a desire on being alike to the celebrity can achieve beauty, the demand of cosmetic surgery has increased in the society. As not many people could meet the standard of beauty, cosmetic surgery is the fastest way to obtain a perfect body and is generally accepted by the public nowadays. It allows the commodification of the body. SwamiRead MoreCosmetic Surgery And Beauty Standards13 14 Words   |  6 PagesCosmetic Surgery and Beauty Standards In today’s society, beauty is based on media and what is called a beauty guru. It’s not just what one believes anymore, but what the media portrays. A big beauty influence in today’s media is Kylie Jenner. Not only confessing to having lip fillers, but also launching her makeup brand. The price to pay is steep for those who don’t have the money, but those who can afford it sometimes don’t achieve the look expected. There are those who are born with all the attributesRead MoreCosmetic Surgery - Beauty Or Beast?1775 Words   |  8 PagesBeauty or Beast? â€Å"Don’t like the way you look? Ready for a quick and easy change? We can help you with one simple cosmetic surgery.† We have all heard or seen advertisements like this on television or in magazines, but why is cosmetic surgery so appealing to people, especially women? Cosmetic surgery is used all over the world to enhance one’s features and make people â€Å"happy,† but is it worth it? Is it beauty or is it a beast having cosmetic surgery done? There are many options and things to considerRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : The Risk Of Enhancing Beauty1328 Words   |  6 Pages Cosmetic surgery : The Risk of Enhancing Beauty Cosmetic Surgery has become popular over the years due to the advertisement of celebrities who embrace their surgery to refine their beauty. For example, an article by Anthony Elliot, he labels cosmetic surgery as Drastic plastic: The rise of cosmetic surgical culture; Celebrity obsession: Fame, fortune and faking it; Want-now consumerism: Immediate transformation, instant obsolescence; and Making the cut: Cosmetic surgical cultureRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty987 Words   |  4 Pagesthe beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty over the time and changing the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in Medical News Today shows that â €Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic proceduresRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1552 Words   |  7 Pages People have created the modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in MedicalRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1579 Words   |  7 Pages People have created modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only does natural beauty bring criterion for beauty’s definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve their appearance. In a report from MedicalRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : A Woman s Beauty Through Surgical Procedure1455 Words   |  6 Pagesbeautiful.†Cosmetic surgery is enhancing, not improving the function, a person’s natural beauty through surgical procedure. Cosmetic surgery used to be for mostly the rich and famous because of its cost. Although, it is still not covered by health insurance, it has become affordable, making an option for almost anyone who which to alter their appearance. Some of the most po pular surgeries are facelifts, brow lift, breast augmentation, rhinoplasty(nose), tummy tuck, and liposuction. Although cosmetic is marketedRead MoreHow Has Cosmetic Surgery Change The Way Females See Beauty Standards?1618 Words   |  7 PagesHow has cosmetic surgery change the way females see beauty standards? The Impact of Cosmetic Surgery   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Kristen, a fifteen-year-old girl from New Jersey, began to develop curves at the age of 15, and she was distressed that her breasts didn’t come next. Because of this, she didn’t feel like a woman. In fact, she was not yet a woman at 15. Nonetheless, for someone who was raised inside a culture of being surrounded by celebrity obsessions and unrealistic TV shows—not to mention that two of herRead MoreCosmetic Surgery1507 Words   |  7 PagesShould cosmetic surgery be encouraged to the general public? Cosmetic surgery is defined as â€Å"any medical operation which is intended to improve a person’s appearance rather than their health† (Cambridge Dictionary, 2003, p.275). By definition, cosmetic surgery is a common practice used to modify the physical outlook of people, especially for women. This is definitely a luxury, which is not necessary to the public. Starting from the 20th century, however, cosmetic surgery is no longer a luxury

Harry Hopkins And The New Deal - 847 Words

Harry Hopkins was one of the many of the social workers who have changed the United States. Hopkins went to New York to become a social worker where he resided there for twenty years and accomplished to help Americans. After the great depression the United States was in a very bad situation where many people seeked hope. This left Americans homeless, jobless, and hopeless. Harry Hopkins alongside president Franklin D. Roosevelt was appointed to take part of The New Deal, which provided many relief programs to bring Americans out of their economic burden. The New Deal consisted of the 3 Rs which are relief, recovery, and reform. Relief were immediate actions taken to recuperate the economic decline. Recovery consisted of temporary programs to initiate consumer demands. However, the United States needed a steady and permanent change which was Reform, the creation of permanent programs in order to prevent another great depression to take place, which Hopkins was a part of. Harry Hopkins was born in Iowa on 1980. Hopkins grew up in the midwestern with their values of self-reliance and thrift. Which is using money in a reliable manner. He studied in Iowa until his graduation date in 1912 where he completed college. He studied in Grinnell College where he studied American Politics, and the British Parliamentary System. Grinnell College is a liberal arts college known for their academic excellence. Harry Hopkins was a very enthusiastic man who always knew that he wanted to doShow MoreRelatedReview Questions On New Deal Legislation Essay950 Words   |  4 PagesReview Questions 1. New Deal Legislation a) The Work Progress Administration was one of the largest New Deal agency that was created in the United States. It is one of the most ambitious agency that was created from the past in order to help people. WPA was created during 1935 after the Great Depression occurred. The WPA purpose was to help employ millions of unemployed people. For example, it mostly helped unskilled men, women, and black to get a job. b) Due to the massive unemployment rate thatRead MoreThe Progressive Era And The New Deal1103 Words   |  5 Pagesargued that the New Deal reforms reflected the reform traditions of the Progressive Era. When examining the New Deal, Progressive influence is evident based first off of the social and political issues addressed by reforms. Second, the reforms from the two times themselves are uncannily similar, again due to the focus on the same problems existing in the United States. In addition to this, the icing on the cake is found when examining President Roosevelt’s administration during the New Deal, a majorityRead MoreA Comprehensive Examination of The Far-Reaching Effects of The Great Depression1357 Words   |  6 Pagesmanufacturing industries (Kennedy, p. 163). However, most people had to adjust to a new norm of searching for subsistence level or even lower wage jobs and struggling to find food and shelter. The plight of families, factory workers, farmers, businessme n and minorities alike was well documented during the Depression and their experience reflects one of the darkest periods in American history. Harry Hopkins, who was President Roosevelt’s federal relief administrator, dispatched Lorena HickokRead More The New Deal1585 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s 32nd president. This democrat, inaugurated on March 4, 1933, won the 1932 election against Hoover by a landslide. The new president made a promise to his citizens, â€Å"I pledge you, I pledge myself, a new deal for the American people.† He reassured Americans that he would change their lives. He promised to get people back to work and back in their homes (â€Å"New Deal Timeline 1). For the hundreds of thousands of unemployed workers, FDR’s promise was helpful and true. For example, the WorksRead MoreRoosevelt s New Deal For The American People899 Words   |  4 Pagesnomination from the Democrats to become president and pledged to â€Å"a new deal for the American people† and eventually established the New Deal for his campaign. The New Deal attracted support from farmers, factory workers, immigrants, city folk, African Americans, women, and progressive intellectuals. Roosevelt had three interrelated objectives: relief, recovery, and reform. Roosevelt wanted to develop plans to meet economic emergency so the New Dealers’ policies were shaped by four underlying ideas. TheRead MoreEssay on Franklin D Roosevelt1402 Words   |  6 Pagesconfidence and a new hope for the nation, declaring in his inauguration day speech on March 4, 1933, quot;the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfquot; (Norton, p.727). By incorporating this theory in to politics, he attempted to pick America off the ground, and set America back on track with two sets of programs called the First and Second New Deals. During the first hundred days of his presidency, Roosevelt set forth his plan for national recovery, known as the First New Deal. Designed andRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt s Impact On The New Deal939 Words   |  4 Pagesin 1932 and promised a new deal for Americans. From a social welfare perspective he was viewed as the best president because he advanced social welfare policies. Initial proposals were timid at this time and focused on balancing budgets, similar to prior thinking. Once Roosevelt was elected into office, the activism of those suffering helped push this period in a more progressive era. In 1933 Roosevelt initiated a variety of programs and policies during the early New Deal, known as the â€Å"alphabetRead MoreThe Impact of the New Deal on the United States Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of the New Deal on the United States The Great Depression, an era of great poverty, misery, and hopelessness, proved to be one of the most dreadful time periods in all of America’s history. During the Great Depression, dreams were lost and having a moderate amount of food everyday becameRead More Evaluation Of The New Deal Essay examples711 Words   |  3 Pages Franklin D. Roosevelt brought the new deal into American life in the early thirties. Its purpose was to overcome the depression. Following the depression there were many programs and acts to help the nation recover from the depression. The quot;forgotten Americansquot; were the citizens who needed the new deal to benefit their poverty-stricken way of life. These people were the blacks, women, immigrants, and the many people who suffered from the lack of monetary supplement. Unemployment wasRead More The Impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression Era Essay2016 Words   |  9 PagesThe Impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression Era In 1933, President Roosevelt proposed New Deal legislation to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression through various public works programs and other federal initiatives. The many reforms of the New Deal were racked by intense criticism from their very beginnings. The New Deal was a catalyst in the surge of the federal government’s power. One year before the financial collapse on Wall Street, President Hoover said, â€Å"We in America

Term Papers Free Essays

string(104) " When AQ feature development will be started and in which release it will developed and delivered 100%\." Additional Questions – Test Strategy Table of Contents 1Purpose3 2About Additional Questions3 3Requirements4 3. 1As-Is and New AQ Features4 AQ As-Is Feature from V14 AQ Additional / Enhanced Feature for V24 ?Create AQ functional Component4 ?AQ FCA linked to Scoring FCA4 ?Create AQ Event by copying an existing event (closed, open, draft archived)4 ? Invite Supplier4 3. 2AQ High Level Functionality and List of User Stories5 Table below gives the mapping of User Stories against the As-Is AQ Functionality5 Table below gives the mapping of User Stories against the New AQ Functionality5 4Additional Questions Development6 . We will write a custom essay sample on Term Papers or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1AQ Feature Development in Releases6 4. 2In Sprint Testing (Blue are new AQ features)6 4. 3System Testing7 4. 4In Sprint Testing Dependencies7 4. 5System Testing Dependencies8 1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to give the overview of the Test Strategy (Approach) for Additional Questions Feature which will be developed and Implemented for V2. This document briefs about AQ functionality and its requirements, the development approach, this document also discuss about the various levels of testing AQ as its being developed the dependencies for testing. About Additional Questions Additional Question is an existing functionality of V1 Accelerate application, hence it’s known as As-Is feature for V2. And also have some additional/enhanced features for V2. This Additional Questions (AQ) is a buyer centric functionality and in V1 AQ is not a common feature which is available for all Buyers. It’s a Bolt-On feature, where a Buyer organisation can opt for this feature by making additional payment. AQ functionality has been developed and implemented in V1 in a way it can be configured for any Buyer Organisation. AQ provides an additional edge to Buyer Organisation where they can ask their intended Questions to a specific set of suppliers of their own interest and short list them upon their response. Using this feature member of a Buyer Organisation, who is having permissions to AQ can create an AQ Event which comprises of a template with questions, and the member can search for suppliers and invite them all or a specific set of suppliers to answer the questions, on or before a dead line date set for the particular AQ event by the member. Buyer user can create AQ Events and save it for feature purpose, existing AQ event can be used by some other Buyer Organisation member and the member can use it as it is or can do some changes before inviting the suppliers. Even the invited AQ events can be reused. Buyer User will be able to add or remove questions to an AQ event. A. Q summary is the last stage of draft event in which the user can preview the whole event and also review it before sending it to the supplier users. Supplier needs to respond to AQ and buyer will rate supplier according. Scoring engine will help AQ to rate Supplier. AQ product needs to be configured by C3 user with all required features. AQ will be added as a component which will be inherited by child product (community). * 3 Requirements Requirements developed as User Stories and reviewed by Products Services team and approved. Both the existing features (As-Is) and the new V2 specific additional / enhanced features are also covered in user stories. The below table will give the bifurcation of Existing and New features of Additional Questions. . 1 As-Is and New AQ Features * AQ As-Is Feature from V1| * AQ Additional / Enhanced Feature for V2| * Create AQ Template | * Create AQ functional Component| * Create AQ Draft event review of AQ| * AQ FCA linked to Scoring FCA| * Create AQ Event using AQ Template| * Permission to C3 User for AQ| * Create AQ Event by copying an existing event (closed, open, draft archived)| * Create use AQ Library * | * Invite Supplier| * Language Support to AQ| AQ view for GBO | * Buyer assigns scoring to AQ Event| * AQ view for Buyer| * Scoring can be manual or automatic * | * AQ view for Supplier| * AQ alert to buyer when Current Date + 7 = End Date| * Modification to AQ Open Event | * Reminder email to supplier who has not responded| * Categorisation of AQ Open Event (Responded, Not Responded, Not Interested)| * Clarification asked by Buyer on AQ supplier response | * AQ Reports| * AQ scoring for each supplier| * | * Comparison of AQ with respect to supplier| * | * Buyer rate email to supplier on AQ Close Event| * 4. 2 AQ High Level Functionality and List of User Stories * Table below gives the mapping of User Stories against the As-Is AQ Functionality Area| Functionality| User Story| GBO| | | | | | | | | Buyer| | | | | | | | | | | | Supplier| | | | | | | | | * Table below gives the mapping of User Stories against the New AQ Functionality Area| Functionality| User Story| GBO | | | | | | | | | Buyer| | | | | | | | | | | | Supplier| | | | | | | | | * 4 V2 Development Strategy 5. 3 Development Approach V2 development is a mix of both Waterfall and Agile development framework. The Development of requirements follows waterfall, where as the actual code development will happen in agile methodology. First all the User Stories will be written, reviewed and signed off by the stake holders. Development will follow the high level milestone plan, which comprises of internal releases and Demo Release. Date| 1/Dec/12| 1/Jan/13| 15/Jan/13| 29/Jan/13| 1/Feb/13| 1/Mar/13| 15/Mar/13| 29/Mar/13| Release| Alpha 0. 1| Alpha 0. 2| Alpha 0. 3| Alpha 1. 0| Alpha 1. 1| Alpha 1. 2| Alpha 1. 3| Alpha 2. 0| Purpose| Internal| Internal| Internal| Board| Internal| Internal| Internal| Board| As mentioned above each and every internal release has multiple Iterations for development and the user stories will be allocated to these iterations for development. Within these iterations all the allocated user stories will be developed and tested In-Sprint Testing. 5. 4 AQ Feature Development in Releases As explained above, AQ as feature to be developed for V2 will also follow the same development methodology, All User Stories belongs to AQ will first written, reviewed and signed off, and then developed in multiple releases in multiple iterations. The table below will give us the picture of AQ Development in Release and Iteration wise. The Main purpose of the below table is to give clear picture of When AQ feature development will be started and in which release it will developed and delivered 100%. You read "Term Papers" in category "Free Term paper samples" Table below will not give the Start and End dates of either each and every release or Iterations, these dates are available with the development team and ion their plan. Release| Iteration| User Story| Functionality / Area| Internal Release Alpha 0. 1| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 0. 2| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 0. 3| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Demo Release 1. 0| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 1. 1| Iteration 1| | | | Iteratio n 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 1. 2| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 1. 3| Iteration 1| | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Demo Release 2. 0| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | 5 AQ Test Approach This section describes the test approach for Additional Question by explaining the following. * Testing Scope of Additional Questions * Dependency with other critical V2 functionalities * Integration with Third Party Application Features * Levels of Testing * Test Design Execution * Test Data Requirements * Functional Automation Testing * Non Functional Testing Scope 6. 5 Scope of Additional Questions Additional Question as feature it spread across all the major areas of V2 application, though it’s Buyer centric feature it’s having scope in C3 (Configuration Control Center), GBO (Global Back Office), SCC (Standard Company Concept) Buyer Supplier. End to End Perspective From an end to end perspective the AQ functionality testing needs to be started from C3 (may be configuration of AQ – need additional information to complete it) and then SCC-Buyer can create AQ Events and invite Suppliers and then SCC- Suppliers can respond for AQ events. From GBO-User perspective AQ needs to be tested for AQ Dashboard, AQ Reports, etc†¦ (need additional information to complete this section) Non Functional Perspective – Performance Few AQ Features needs to be tested for Performance * AQ template creation with more Questions * Inviting multiple suppliers * Response time of viewing AQ responses * AQ Report Generation for SCC-Buyer GBO User Multilingual Perspective As Additional Question can be configured for any scheme / community, and we have communities which support more than one language, AQ needs to be tested in all applicable languages. Cross Browser Perspective As Buyer organisation members and Suppliers can use any browser to access the application, Additional Questions features needs to be tested in multiple browser combinations. Community Specific Additional Questions can be configured for specific communities and as we already have few communities effectively using AQ, all such communities needs to be tested thoroughly AQ feature. Supplier Perspective AQ needs to be thoroughly tested with * Newly Registered Suppliers * Migrated Suppliers 6. 6 Additional Questions Dependency with other Features. Additional Questions is one of the feature in V2 application, this feature has some integration / dependency with some other features of V2 application. This section describes the AQ dependency with such other features of V2. This dependency may play a critical role in AQ testing at functional level and at end to end testing, we may have a work around to bypass the dependency, where as some feature must be available to test AQ. AQ Feature| Dependent Feature| Dependency level| When This Feature will be Ready| Do we have Work Around| Work Around| Effectiveness of Work Around| Invite Supplier| Search| Very High| ? ? | | ? | | Email Generation| Very High| ? | ? | | ? | | Existing / Migrated Suppliers| High| ? | ? | | ? | All such dependencies for all AQ features needs to be captured in a separate excel sheet and attached to this document. And the Dependencies needs to be discussed with Development team, as we may need their help for some work around or the feature needs to be developed in a priorit y. This dependency is very critical for test execution. 6. 7 Integration with Third Party Application Features This section needs to be filled in 6. 8 Levels of Testing Additional Questions will be tested at In-Sprint Testing and System Testing, this section describes what will be covered in In-Sprint Testing and System Testing. In-Sprint Testing In-Sprint Testing is part of development, In-Sprint testing team will work along with Development team for Release and Iterations, user stories assigned to iterations is the scope for development and testing, while development teams starts coding In-Sprint testing team starts test design, when the feature is developed and ready for testing, In-Sprint test team will test the feature and give the result. In-Sprint test team covers Unit, Integration, Continuous Integration and Regression Testing. In-Sprint Unit Testing In unit testing, team checks for the following using Checklists * Field Level Validation of all controls * Boundary Value, Equivalence Partitioning * Page Navigation on Links * Messages (information on control validation, Tool Tips, etc†¦ ) * Page Templates, Company Logo, TC’s, Copy Right, etc†¦ * Cross Browser – All UI design needs to be validated with all applicable browser combinations In-Sprint Integration Testing Team test the features developed integrated with preceded and following features of a feature belongs to same module (Group of requirements, belongs to one user story) within the iteration as the features being developed in iterations. And also the integration of group of requirements developed (one User story) with another group of requirements (another User Story) as iteration is having multiple User stories. In-Sprint test team will write functional test cases to test this integration of features. In-Sprint Continuous Integration Testing Team tests the integration of features developed in multiple iterations, as the features developed across multiple iterations of any release are being continuously integrated together. Team may write separate set of integration test cases for this else they will enhance their existing integration test cases to test this, in an another approach team can group set of individual integration test cases and execute them in an order which covers this continuous integration. In-Sprint Regression Testing Test team executes all the test cases which belongs to earlier release for any successive release, this is to ensure that the new release features are not hampering the existing features already developed and tested and also ensures the integration of features in between two successive release is working fine. Table below gives a picture of Unit, Integration, Continuous Integration Regression testing for Releases and Iterations. Release| Iteration| User Story| Feature| Testing| | | | | Unit| Integration| Continuous Integration| Regression| Release 1| Iteration 1| User Story 1| Feature 1| Y| Integration of feature 1+2+3+4| Continuous Integration of User Story 1 + 2+ 3| Release 1 TC’s Regression Suite for Release 2| | | | Feature 2| Y| | | | | | | Feature 3| Y| | | | | | | Feature 4| Y| | | | | | User Story 2| Feature 5| Y| Integration of feature 5+6+7+8| | | | | | Feature 6| Y| | | | | | | Feature 7| Y| | | | | | | Feature 8| Y| | | | | User Story 3| Feature 9| Y| Integration of feature 9+10| | | | | | Feature 10| Y| | | | | Iteration 2| User Story 4| Feature 11| Y| Integration of feature 11+12+13+14| Continuous Integration of User Story 1 + 2+ 3+4+5+6| | | | | Feature 12| Y| | | | | | | Feature 13| Y| | | | | | | Feature 14| Y| | | | | | User Story 5| Feature 15| Y| Integration of feature 15+16+17+18| | | | | | Feature 16| Y| | | | | | | Feature 17| Y| | | | | | | Feature 18| Y| | | | | | User Story 6 | Feature 19| Y| Integration of feature 19+20| | | | | | Feature 20| Y| | | | Release 2| Iteration 3| User Story 7| Feature 21| Y| Y| Y| Release 1 + Release 2 TC’s Regression Suite for Release 3| | | | Feature 22| Y| | | | | | | Feature 23| Y| | | | | | | Feature 24| Y| | | | | | User Story 8| Feature 25| Y| Y| | | | | | Feature 26| Y| | | | | | | Feature 27| Y| | | | | | | Feature 28| Y| | | | | | User Story 9| Feature 29| Y| Y| | | | | | Feature 30| Y| | | | | Iteration 4| User Story 10| Feature 31| Y| Y| Y| | | | | Feature 32| Y| | | | | | | Feature 33| Y| | | | | | | Feature 34| Y| | | | | | User Story 11| Feature 35| Y| Y| | | | | Feature 36| Y| | | | | | | Feature 37| Y| | | | | | | Feature 38| Y| | | | | | User Story 12| Feature 39| Y| Y| | | | | | Feature 40| Y| | | | System Testing System testing will be executed by System Testing team, System test design and execution will be done as End to End level. In System test design we will write Test Scenarios and Prepare Test Data to execute the System Testing. Test Scenarios will cover multiple funct ionalities with all permutation and combination of functionalities to test all possible real time end to end scenarios. System testing will also cover the end to end scenarios for maximum number of suppliers, for example System testing will be executed for inviting 500 suppliers for an AQ event, creating an AQ event with 100 Questions. And to execute the end to end testing for such high volume of suppliers we need support from Automation, because as the V2 application being developed right from the scratch, existing suppliers not available in the system, hence we need to first register for 100 of suppliers, registering 100 of suppliers will require high resource count and it’s practically not possible. And also respond to an AQ event sent for 100 of suppliers it take time and resource, if it needs to be done manually, in such scenario we need Automation script to complete the task. 6. 9 Test Design 6. 10 Test Data Requirements 6. 11 Functional Automation Testing 6. 12 Non Functional Testing Scope How to cite Term Papers, Essays

Report on Facebook Incorporation

Question: What marketing strategy or strategies has Facebook adopted since it was created? Answer this question by applying one or more of the theoretical approaches discussed in the course.What marketing options can you describe for Facebook if it wishes to remain a successful organisation throughout the next decade? Answer this question based on the circumstances that exist in 2014 and your best forecasts of relevant future industry factors. Answer: Executive Summary This report provides the necessary insights in to the overall business strategy and marketing strategy opted by Face book incorporation since its inception in the year 2004. The Report begins with a brief introduction about the growing popularity of the virtual social networking platforms and the leadership status of Face book in the social networking business. The key information about the company face book is also discussed. The report further discuses the nature of the companys marketing strategies in an elaborate terms. Further the strategic Marketing options available for the company to maintain its key position in the market are also discussed. The findings of the study make it evident that keeping people engaged with the plat form Face book would be quite challenging in the recent times as lot of competitors may enter the online social networking business due to the low set up costs for this business. Continuing its journey through innovative features and offerings, and pullin g large user bases; is the most promising marketing strategy, that the company face book may look forward to. Introduction The way in which people are interacting or staying in touch with their near and dear ones has drastically changed with the advancement in the technology and the Internet and mobile era. Individuals in the recent times prefer to interact with their friends and share their day to day experiences, using virtual social networking websites (Viswanathan Dickson, 2007). Face book the market leader in the virtual social networking business has leaded this change in the lifestyles of the common people. It is not only the common individuals that prefer to use Face book to keep updated with their social circles, but the commercial entities, celebrities, small scale business, closely held groups and NGOs have also followed the suit (Copeland et al., 2012). The entities registering on Face book have to create their respective profiles on the social media site face book, by posting few of the mandatory information. Any of the information posted by the registered users may reach the people in the friend list of that user within a fraction of seconds. The social media is indeed viral in nature and helps connect friends and acquaintances based in varied locations on a real time basis. The Internet is thus emerging as a powerful tool of speedy information transfer in the process of communication in the globalised era. The world of marketing and communication is also becoming more personal interactive and social. The Face book is the prominent platform in the todays era, which fosters effective marketing communications for several commercial brands as well (Edwards, 2014). Background to the Company Mark Zukerberg was the founder of the company face book which started its operations in the year 2004. The simple and user friendly operations offered by the website to its users made the Face book website, extremely popular and convenient medium of interaction among all the age group users. The Face book platform helps several individuals to stay connected with their families and friends and allows them to share and express what matters to them (Wan et al., 2008). The entire business model of this company is surrounded by simple concept of facilitates several entities, to know whats going on around in the world in social context (Drake, 2012). Currently the company has one billion registered users availing virtual social networking facilities through this website. The Mission Statement of the Company is to make the entire world more open and connected with more power to share entrusted in the hands of common people. Although the company is the currently market leader in the online s ocial networking space, the Google plus feature of the Google incorporation is expected to give tough competition to the face book in terms of grabbing the online social networking businesss market share (Copeland et al., 2012). Face book became publicly listed in markets in the year 2012 and launched its Initial Public offering in February 2012. The stock of this company received tremendous response from the public within a period of three months from the launch of the IPO. Marketing Analysis The company Face book is in to the virtual social networking business and develops several programming interfaces that also allow integration of the Face book with several web and mobile applications. So far, the company never had to spend on excessive marketing and advertising budgets, as it had the first mover advantage while entering the virtual social networking business. The viral nature of its business and simplicity of its web operations to its users made it a quick success in the last decade (Edwards, 2014). The company has stayed as the market leader since its inception and had spent on few marketing strategies to promote its business, especially during its initial establishment stages. The Nature of Face books Marketing Strategy or Strategies since it began The following are the prominent strategies implemented by the company face book that it used to attract maximum user profiles and obtained high popularity in short span of time: Face books fan page system is one of the features that attracted maximum attention of the web users to this website. This system allowed commercial organizations and popular celebrities to create posts that were regularly appearing on the news feed column of their respective fans that used to like those commercial organizations, eminent personalities or celebrities (Edwards, 2014). Simple User Interface of the web page of the Face book allowed even the individuals from non-technical background to easily use the social networking facilities provided by face book. The engaging content was later generated on the posts page as the individual were adding more and more friends (Drake, 2012). Sending out an email blast to the several target audiences across the world, and letting them know the free and attractive features of the face book is another key marketing strategy implemented in the past by the company (Lyons, 2012). This strategy had indeed helped the face book user base multiply in several numbers. The overall Marketing strategy of the Face book was closely associated with the Personal and commercial branding requirement of the entities in their social circles. The company enabled the right kind of social networking platform to the socially active entities and thus used a pull marketing strategy to promote their offering. Additionally the web page of face book is also becoming highly popular among the online advertiser. This indirectly attracts a lot of popularity and page visits to the web page of the face book itself that benefits its business. Besides popularity, online advertising is one of the prominent sources of income for the face books business (Copeland et al., 2012). Thus, advertising on online social networking platform, has not only promoted the advertised brands, but the brand value of the Face book as well. Leveraging the online traffic on the face book page through other company websites, is a prominent marketing strategy that the company uses currently. It has tied up with other popular websites and has put the Face book icons in the header area of these several websites. This has provided several users a quick access to their respective face book pages from several other host websites (Edwards, 2014). Strategic Marketing Options for Face book moving forward Face book has already started taking some of the strategic steps that would help this company in moving forward in the social networking business. The company has equipped itself by starting to offer a Face-book centric internet to the new users of the social networking sites and internet technology at large. Face book Zero was introduced by the company in the year 2010 that offered a stripped down text version of the face book website to several internet carriers at almost free cost of service (Linder, 2012). Another strategic marketing option that the company is looking forward is of having Face book as the home page in the several android technology supported mobile phones. These strategic options would directly influence the growth and popularity of the core face book application on the web as well as the next generation mobile phones (Lyons, 2012). The company might also look forward to strengthen their search support tools and facilities, which are currently the core competency of their key competitor Google. The search bar offered by face book currently is limited to searching the acquaintances and groups on the Face book with respect to their names, places, city, etc. The company can add more effective search tools and applications in their website as it obtains a large pool of social data every second. The effective sharing of this social data through latest technology search options can further help the company in retaining the already attracted one billion user base. Providing newer application and innovative tools and options on this platform may also curb the risk of its current users switching to other lucrative social networking platforms (Talbot, 2013). The social networking business is gradually becoming highly competitive due to the introduction of new technologies in the market. At this juncture, the company Face book needs to carefully deign an effective marketing strategy that keeps the users hooked and addicted to the face book screen (Drake, 2012). Continuous product inno vation strategy and adaptations to updated service technology for both web as well as the latest mobile applications is the must be followed strategy that the company should adhere to retain its market share in the cut throat competitive markets (Bradley, 2002). Finally the company face book should always keep its core competency alive of giving social spin to the content posted on the platform by individuals and commercial entities. The future strategic marketing efforts put by the company should thus revolve around retaining its existing user base by keeping its audiences hooked and engaged through innovative and user friendly tools and applications. Conclusion The Company Face book has indeed emerged as the market leader in the online (virtual) social networking business as on date. The company has used several interesting and innovative marketing strategies to attract new users to its website. Recently the company also responded very effectively to the global mobile innovations and has successfully developed viable and user-friendly mobile applications as well. The company had benefited immensely in the past due to the explicit first mover advantage that it got in the online social networking business. However, with the advancement in the technology world, several new competitors have entered the virtual social networking business, posing a severe threat to the face books popularity and the current market leadership. Google is one of the promising competitors to the face books business that currently offers better social search tools in comparison to Face book. The Company should smartly adapt effective strategic marketing initiatives lik e increasing its web presence through advertisers web pages and coming up with more interesting tools to manage the social data acquired by the company (Mourdoukoutas, 2014). Retaining the current users to the Face book platform and keeping their interest hooked up in Face book is expected to become more challenging within the next few years. References Bradley, F, 2002, International Marketing Strategy, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education Copeland Chris, Lee Nate and Fischer Brandon, 2012, Gaining an Edge: The Brand impact of Face books Edge rank algorithm change. Drake, 2012, A force that Face book is, Marketing Data Scientists. Edwards Tom, 2014, The New Face book strategic shift, fanscape. Linder Elizabeth, 2012, News Release: Face books Global Strategy, Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre. Lyons Susanna Haas, 2012, Its complicated: Exploring Face books potential for deliberative public engagement on sustainability policy, the university of British Columbia. Mourdoukoutas Panos, 2014, Whats Wrong with Facebooks Business Model and Innovation Strategy. Talbot David, 2013, Face books real home may be the developing world. Viswanathan, N.K., Dickson, P.R., 2007, The fundamentals of standardizing global marketing strategy, International Marketing Review, 24(1), pp.46-63. Wan Yun, Kumar Vaishali and Bukhari Amina, 2008, Will the Overseas expansion of Face book succeed? Uiversity of Houton Victoria, published by IEEE Computer Society, 1089-7801.

Global Warming and Climate Change Essay Example

Global Warming and Climate Change Paper Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time that range from decades to lions of years. It can be a change in the average weather or a change in the distribution Of weather events around an average. It also refers to the extreme variations of weather brought about by global warming. Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or may occur across the whole Earth. Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earths surface. The Earths climate patterns have never been entirely predictable, and storms, drought, floods and famine have affected humanity throughout history. The Earths climate patterns create and sustain the natural environment on which humans and all other species depend. The Earths climate is influenced by average global temperature and is sensitive to changes in temperature. The Earth has a natural temperature control system that keeps the planet warm enough to sustain life, yet prevents it from over heating. The Earth is definitely warming. Signals of changing climates, including increasing trends in temperature, sea level rise and extreme climate events are already evident in the Philippines. And as the warming continuous, the effects will become more dangerous. Climate change will bring water shortages and decreases agricultural productivity and food security. Furthermore, it would affect the worlds population, but poor tropical countries will be hit worst. Our health will be threatened by heat strokes and increase chances of exposure to infectious diseases. Climate change will also bring more extreme weather, from floods to droughts, forest fires to tropical cyclones. Activities like Climate change, wastes from factories, smoke from the vehicles, improper disposal of garbage and smoking cigarette can cause climate change and global warming. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming and Climate Change specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming and Climate Change specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming and Climate Change specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Theres not much time left for action. Atop science conference in February declared that climate change is already underway, visible through glacier shrinkage, melting of polar ice, shifts in rainfall patterns and bad heat waves. Experts say that if the world wants to keep to the bottom end of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (EPIC), temperatures estimates, global emission of ICC will have to peak in 2020 and then fall to half of todays levels by 2095-a tall order, given that developing countries and the United States are gobbling up fossil fuels. The solutions to lessen climate change is to stop using fossil fuels and use clean energy sources such as wind, solar, hydro and hydrogen. But this is easier said than done. Furthermore, we have to be founded on international cooperation and national concern. We are all hopeful that the solution of these issues will pave the way for the achievement of the conventions ultimate objective which is the stabilization of green house gases emissions at a level that would pose no danger to the climatic system. The researcher conducted this study in order to determine the extent of awareness of the freshmen students on climate change concept and issues. Aside from this, the study dealt with the various practices adopted by these resumes students hope to promote environmental care or may degrades the earths fragile environment. It is also designed to present the issues surrounding climate change to the students in the hope that by raising public awareness the potential effects of climate change may be minimized. Background of the Study We have chosen to make a study on the awareness and preparedness of the freshmen students about climate change, because we would like to find out the depth of their knowledge on the said problem and We believe that climate change is a very alarming phenomenon not only in our country but also avian a remarkable effect globally. It is very essential and important to first give a simple background of what climate change and what is its connection to greenhouse effect, abnormal weather change and global warming. Climate change refers to any change in climate overtime, whether due to the natural variability or as a result of human activity. Climate changes can result from the interaction of the atmosphere and oceans. Changes in the worlds climate are not new. Just as weather patterns change from day to day, the climate changes too. This occurs naturally, driven by internal and external factors. However, not all changes are due to natural processes, as we humans have also exerted our influence, which is called anthropogenic climate change. Through widespread use of land, use of fossil fuels and the building of cities, we have changed our climate. The major technological and socio economic shift of the industrial era with reduced reliance on organic fuel, the accelerated uptake of fossil fuels and broad scale Climate change, means we have contributed to the natural greenhouse effect. In fact, this factor which influenced the source of human history and human evolution. The climate change we are experiencing is brought by humanities massive dependence on fuels, particularly carbon-based fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. Global warming is the noted average increase of the earth surface temperature and ocean as compared to previous century. This is a result of the continuous trapping of heat within the earth atmosphere due to increased quantity Of greenhouse gases. Global warming is one of the key aspects of climate change. Global Warming is only part of the story and it doesnt tell us when this might happen. What we do know is that global arming has occurred in the past, and it is also happening right now. Undoubtedly the temperature of the globe has fluctuated since the very beginnings of our planet. The real problem is not just the fact that it is warming, but the rate at which it is warming. Greenhouse gases are chemical compound such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide found in the atmosphere. The greenhouse gases absorb some of the infrared radiation (heat) which reflects back heat that gets trapped by the greenhouse gases inside our atmosphere is necessary to make the earth warm otherwise it will be too cold. This natural process is called the greenhouse effect. Theres no doubt that increases in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases strengthens the greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming. What remain uncertain are the precise effects of a strengthened greenhouse effect on global temperatures. Because there is still much to be learned about how the worlds climate will react to increased greenhouse gas concentrations, the range of possible climate futures projected by the EPIC is an indication of uncertainty about how much the world will warm over the coming entry-?not of whether that warm inning is happening. This study also focuses in the effects of climate change, the reaction and actions of the students regarding this. We as a researcher conducted random surveys to the first year students and aside from that we made our researches from different books and references. It is very important to us to conserve our environment and the species that live in it. In order to foster a positive environmental attitude among people, there should be an effective information education campaign to lengthen their environmental awareness and consequently promote better understanding of the various problems that plague the world today. The Bachelor in Office Administration freshmen students should not be left behind in responding to the protection of our environment. It is the duty of the schools to provide the students with mere knowledge about the physical condition of their environment specifically on how to conserve and protect the spheres of the earth in order to address climate change and global warming. As a student, it is also our part to be responsible in all our actions in order to give importance and care to our environment, because whatever happens to our surroundings it affects our way of living. We should be aware how prone and dangerous the effects of climate change and global warming, and do some actions regarding this issues. Theoretical Framework To study the level of awareness of the students about climate change, this necessarily involves the collection and processing of large amount of data that will be gathered from all freshmen BOA students. Lessons on climate change will be soon incorporated in elementary and high school curricula to raise the level of awareness on global environment issues among public school students. Climate change which regarded as a global primary concern, the Philippines is one of the developing countries expected to suffer the most of the ill effects of climate change. It is caused by several factors. Climate change refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity (anthropogenic causes). Some of the historic agreements on the fight against global warming and climate change include the united Nations Climate change Conference held in Bali, Indonesia in 2007 and the Bangkok Climate Change talks held from March 31 to April 4, 2008 in Thailand. The impact of climate change on natural ecosystem will be considerable. The result will be disrupted ecosystems and accelerated extinction for many plant and animal species. Climate has a big influence on plants and animals in the natural environment, on oceans, and on human activities, such as agriculture, water supplies, and heating and cooling. The effects of climate change depend upon how much change there is, how fast it occurs, and how easily the world can adapt to the new conditions. Climate may change faster than plants can move from one region to another. This may Cause species extinction, lower biodiversity, and changes n the way species interact. Climate change is also one of the factors causing an increase in the incidence of diseases like malaria, and dengue fever. According to Gushier Orin, the head of the WHOs, western Pacific Office, 1 50,000 more people are dying each years of malaria, diarrhea, floods and malnutrition, all of which can be traced to climate change. Climate change is also causing sea levels to raise results to dry up and weather patterns to become erratic. Mom said, floods, drought, and hiatuses are talking as a tool to human health. The earths climate is influenced by average global imperative and sensitiveness changes in temperature and greenhouse gases result to global warming which is one of the key aspects of climate change. We know that the earth has become warmer over the last century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (EPIC), a group established by the World Meteorological Organization (WHOM) and the United Nations Environment Program (LINEN), reports that the average surface temperature of the earth has increased during the twentieth century by about 0. 6 ICC. (The C means that the increase might be as small as 0. 40 C or as great as 0. C. ) This may seem like a small shift, but although regional and short-term temperatures do fluctuate over a wide range, global temperatures are generally quite stable. In fact, the difference between todays average global temperature and the average global temperature during the last Ice Age is only about 5 degrees C. Indeed, it is warmer today around the world than at any time during the past 1 000 years, and the warmest years of the previous century have occurred within the past decade. An environmentalist has warned that the effects Of climate change are certain to affect the Philippines ND that mitigating measures must be adopted to cushion its impact. In his report entitled Securing Lifeboats and Lifelines: Understanding the Climate Challenge, Building Local Solutions, Jose Ma. Lorenz Tan, vice chair of World Wide Fund (WAP) Philippines, said there is absolutely no doubt that the era of fossil fuels must end. To save itself, the planet has to shift, almost exponentially, to zero-carbon systems. Each nation, each community, each individual must play a role. The climate change that we are experiencing now is brought by humanitys massive destruction of human resources and this is he factor which ash influence the cause of human history and human evolution. Conceptual Framework The working framework of the study is shown in a research paradigm clearly illustrated in a schematic diagram in figure 1 showing the interplay of the variables of the study. It presents a schematic presentation of the influence of the independent variables age, gender and section on the Dependent Variables that states the level of awareness and preparedness towards climate change and global warming. The output consists of the outcome on the result of the study. Independent Variables Variables Output Fig. Schematic Diagram Statement of the problem Dependent This study is aimed to assess the awareness of the freshmen students of Bachelor in Office Administration, SYS. 2009-2010 with particular emphasis about global warming and climate change. More specifically, it sought to answer the following: 1. What is the respondents profile in terms of: 1. 1 Name: (optional) 1. Gage: 1. Gender: 1. Section: 2. What is the level of awareness of freshmen BOA Students about climate change and global warming? 3. How prepared are the students towards climate change and global warming? 4. Is there any significant relationship teen the demographic profile of the students to their level of Awareness and Preparedness about Climate Change and Global Warming? Hypothesis There is no significant relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents to their level of Awareness and Preparedness on Climate Change and Global Warming. Significance of the Study Climate change due to human activities could be a marked warming trend in a place where rapid arbitration took place. Climate does change as evidence by many records. Evidence has been detected from fossils, habitat shifts and records such as droughts, floods and large scale migration. The result of this study is beneficial to school administrators, teachers, students, parents and also in the community. School Administrators and Supervisors. Results of the study could serve as basis of the policy formulation and decision. Making of the school official is designing programs and projects that will help promote a desired quality of campus environment that is totally wholesome to everyone. Further, school officials can make use Of the study to re-evaluate the existing academic curricular and the school environmental education programs, its implementation and compliance that ill be the basis of future action to solve the perceived existing problems thereof. Conclusive results could serve as guide in formulating the most appropriate educational strategy that school may adapt to attain the desired environmental behavior and practices of students in all academic levels. Students. This study will provide baseline information in promoting the students awareness toward climate change and global warming both in school and the community where they belong. It will give them certain insights on the prevailing phenomena confronting the country and the world; owe this affects their lives, and the generations to come, and how would they make concrete decision and actions geared toward improving the present environmental conditions. Government Officials. Information from this study will serve as a guide for the local and national government officials in their decisions on what appropriate legislation can be done promote participation from the youth or student sector towards achieving the desired quality of environment. Results can be the basis of planning and program/project implementation to governments thrust for sustainable development. Community. Results that will be obtained from the study will be the basis for the community officials and parents in creating certain programs in which the youth can actively participate to improve the physical living condition in the very community where they are vital components. Present Researchers. The results of this study will guide the researcher in improving their competence in sharing their knowledge about the effects of climate change and global warming. Future Researchers. For those in the field of research and for the future researchers, this study can be utilized as baseline information for animal research that may be conducted in the future. It can be used as a reference material or as a useful citation or related literature. Further, this could be used to verify the existence of such a problem before making a final and solid conclusion on this subject. This study may become an instrument for school administrators in developing policies, rules and regulation that will guide them in identifying and understanding environment programs and activities that can be implemented in the schools. The teachers may get more idea about this study that will help them in teaching the students to be more aware about our environment especially bout climate change and for the students to be more responsible about our nature and be more aware in taking good care of it. Scope and Limitations This study was conducted to determine the level of awareness of students towards climate change and global warming. The respondents of the study were the BOA Freshmen students of Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sat. Mesa Manila. They were randomly selected from a total of 420 BOA freshmen students officially enrolled in the school year 2009-2010. The respondents were grouped according to the categories Of variables name, gender, age and section. Definition of terms: Anthropogenic effects, processes or materials are those that are derived from human activities, as opposed to those occurring in biophysical environments without human influence Atmosphere the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth or any other celestial body. Affiliation This is defined as an association with an organization. (Merriam Webster Dictionary for Students, 2009) Awareness is the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects or sensory pattern. Climate Encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorological elements in a given region over long periods of time. Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time. Climate variation is influenced by issues relating to climate change. Compel- This refers to doing something (as a person) by the use of physical, moral, or mental pressure. Contemplation This is defined as an act of looking or thinking about something. Deprived This refers to taking something away from having or doing something. Environment the air, water, minerals, organizations, and al other external factors surrounding and affecting a given organism at any time. Exploitative This is defined as an act of making use of something unfairly for ones own benefit. Fluctuate- to be continually varying in an irregular way. Fossil fuel- natural fuel, such as oil and gas, derived from the composition of prehistoric plants and animals. Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earths near-surface. Greenhouse effect is the heating of the surface of a planet or moon due to the presence of an atmosphere containing gases that absorb and emit infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases are gases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range. Hiatuses- a break in continuity; a la CUNY. Impact This refers to a strong effect. Implement This is defined as an act of starting or putting something to action. Inefficient This refers to the state of being ineffective. Labor This is defined as a task or something that has to be done. Necessities This refers to something that is badly needed. Phenomena is any observable occurrence, refers to an extraordinary event. Prevalent This is defined as being accepted, practiced, or happening often or over a wide area. Temperature degree of heat and cold. Vulnerability is the extent to which climate change may damage or harm a system, it is a function of both the sensitivity of a system or structure to climate and the opportunities for adaptation to new conditions The Variables 1. Respondents profile: 1 Section: 2. The level of awareness of freshmen BOA Students about climate change and global warming 3. Preparedness of the BOA Freshmen students about global warming and climate change. Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter presents the foreign literature, local studies and synthesis that re relevant to an inquiry on the level Of awareness and preparedness of the freshmen students towards global warming and climate change that will serve as the background for this investigation. Foreign Literature Causes of Global Climate Change The global climate must be viewed as operating within a complex atmosphere / earth / ocean / ice / land system. Any change to this system that will result in climate change is a product on forcing agents the cause of climate change. Such forcing agents may be either internal or external. External forcing mechanisms involve agents acting from outside the climate yester. By contrast, internal mechanisms operate within the climate system itself. Despite global climate change currently being the most widely discussed among various recent global environment changes, there is mounting evidence that humans, in aggregate, are overloading the planets great biochemical systems. This has been summarized by Vitreous and Colleagues: Human alteration of earth is substantial and growing. Between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 301 Since the beginning of the industrial revolution; more atmosphere nitrogen is fixed by humanity than by all natural terrestrial sources combined; more than half of all accusable surface fresh water is put to use by humanity, in about one-quarter of the birds species on earth have been driven to extinction. Ash Mali stated on his book, Causes of Climate Change, 2008. The Earths climate has changed throughout history. From glacial periods (or ice ages) where ice covered significant portions of the Earth to interglacial periods where ice retreated to the poles or melted entirely the climate has mutinously changed. Scientists have been able to piece together a picture of the Earths climate dating back decades to millions of years ago by analyzing a number of surrogate, or proxy, measures of climate such as ice cores, boreholes, tree rings, glacier lengths, pollen remains, and ocean sediments, and by studying changes in the Earths orbit around the sun. These climate change drivers often trigger additional changes or feedbacks within the climate system that can amplify or dampen the climates initial response to them (whether the response is warming or cooling). Irving M. Minter cited on his book The Federal Government Framework program for promoting climatic research, 1 982 that most scientist have considerable confidence that the enhance greenhouse effect is real, and that climate change is the result of human activities. Human activities are changing the composition of our atmosphere at unprecedented rate. If it will continue, our planet could experience a climatic shock unlike anything experienced 1 0,000 years. It would not be felt us an intermediate blow. The climate cannot disappear like an endangered species. Nor can explode like a runaway reactor. Nevertheless, the risks Of rapid climate change. Rapid in geologic and climatic standard are rising rapidly in our time. In this context, shock is the right term. It describes the impact that results from the set of changes may have on human economies and National ecosystem. He also concluded that climate change is not a new phenomenon. Earths climate has change before, many times in last 2 billion years. According to Irving the record of climate change over the geologic past is one of the most often cited but least understood, some of the evidence supporting the argument that human activities may have an important effect on our future climate. He wrote that some factors, civilizing the records of the past changes, may also be necessary to the future climate. Mongol stated in the climate change fraud: Science calls for the United States and the developed world to cut pollution by at least 26 to 40 percent below 1 990 levels by 2020, and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80 to 95 percent by 2050. Carbon dioxide is not pollution. It is the one gas vital to the growth of every kind of vegetation on Earth. It is to plants and trees what oxygen is to human beings and other creatures. Climate change may benefit or plague mankind. The cause of such changes in climate is also because of human activities, not only by natural events. The possible causes Of natural changes in the climate are alternations in the terrestrial orbit, a change in the solar constant, cosmic dust, and dust in the atmosphere caused by volcanoes. The climate system rests on reciprocal influences interacting between its various interlinked components. These are atmosphere, ocean, chromospheres, landmasses and biosphere. The biosphere exercises a substantial influence on global climate by means of its radiation, heat, and water budget. The carbon cycle is also a factor in climate change. An impact upon the climate may also ensue from the augmented use of nitrogen fertilizers. The hydrological cycle linked with the atmosphere is directly influenced by fluctuations in climate and both of these in turn affect the climate. Climate changes may influence food production in the major supplies regions. The impact of climatic changes in general and of precipitation, evaporation and glacier formation in particular plays a big part in the provision of adequate water supplies, reservoir storage, energy production, hipping, and land use. Global Warming and Climate Change Essay Example Global Warming and Climate Change Paper Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time that range from decades to lions of years. It can be a change in the average weather or a change in the distribution Of weather events around an average. It also refers to the extreme variations of weather brought about by global warming. Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or may occur across the whole Earth. Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth’s surface. The Earth’s climate patterns have never been entirely predictable, and storms, drought, floods and famine have affected humanity throughout history. The Earth’s climate patterns create and sustain the natural environment on which humans and all other species depend. The Earth’s climate is influenced by average global temperature and is sensitive to changes in temperature. The Earth has a natural temperature control system that keeps the planet warm enough to sustain life, yet prevents it from over heating. The Earth is definitely warming. Signals of changing climates, including increasing trends in temperature, sea level rise and extreme climate events are already evident in the Philippines. And as the warming continuous, the effects will become more dangerous. Climate change will bring water shortages and decreases agricultural productivity and food security. Furthermore, it would affect the world’s population, but poor tropical countries will be hit worst. Our health will be threatened by heat strokes and increase chances of exposure to infectious diseases. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming and Climate Change specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming and Climate Change specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming and Climate Change specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Climate change will also bring more extreme weather, from floods to droughts, forest fires to tropical cyclones. Activities like Climate change, wastes from factories, smoke from the vehicles, improper disposal of garbage and smoking cigarette can cause climate change and global warming. There’s not much time left for action. Atop science conference in February declared that climate change is already underway, visible through glacier shrinkage, melting of polar ice, shifts in rainfall patterns and bad heat waves. Experts say that if the world wants to keep to the bottom end of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (EPIC), temperatures estimates, global emission of ICC will have to peak in 2020 and then fall to half of today’s levels by 2095-a tall order, given that developing countries and the United States are gobbling up fossil fuels. The solutions to lessen climate change is to stop using fossil fuels and use clean energy sources such as wind, solar, hydro and hydrogen. But this is easier said than done. Furthermore, we have to be founded on international cooperation and national concern. We are all hopeful that the solution of these issues will pave the way for the achievement of the convention’s ultimate objective which is the stabilization of green house gases emissions at a level that would pose no danger to the climatic system. The researcher conducted this study in order to determine the extent of awareness of the freshmen students on climate change concept and issues. Aside from this, the study dealt with the various practices adopted by these resumes students hope to promote environmental care or may degrades the earth’s fragile environment. It is also designed to present the issues surrounding climate change to the students in the hope that by raising public awareness the potential effects of climate change may be minimized. Background of the Study We have chosen to make a study on the awareness and preparedness of the freshmen students about climate change, because we would like to find out the depth of their knowledge on the said problem and We believe that climate change is a very alarming phenomenon not only in our country but also avian a remarkable effect globally. It is very essential and important to first give a simple background of what climate change and what is its connection to greenhouse effect, abnormal weather change and global warming. Climate change refers to any change in climate overtime, whether due to the natural var iability or as a result of human activity. Climate changes can result from the interaction of the atmosphere and oceans. Changes in the world’s climate are not new. Just as weather patterns change from day to day, the climate changes too. This occurs naturally, driven by internal and external factors. However, not all changes are due to natural processes, as we humans have also exerted our influence, which is called anthropogenic climate change. Through widespread use of land, use of fossil fuels and the building of cities, we have changed our climate. The major technological and socio economic shift of the industrial era with reduced reliance on organic fuel, the accelerated uptake of fossil fuels and broad scale Climate change, means we have contributed to the natural greenhouse effect. In fact, this factor which influenced the source of human history and human evolution. The climate change we are experiencing is brought by humanities massive dependence on fuels, particularly carbon-based fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. Global warming is the noted average increase of the earth surface temperature and ocean as compared to previous century. This is a result of the continuous trapping of heat within the earth atmosphere due to increased quantity Of greenhouse gases. Global warming is one of the key aspects of climate change. Global Warming is only part of the story and it doesn’t tell us when this might happen. What we do know is that global arming has occurred in the past, and it is also happening right now. Undoubtedly the temperature of the globe has fluctuated since the very beginnings of our planet. The real problem is not just the fact that it is warming, but the rate at which it is warming. Greenhouse gases are chemical compound such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide found in the atmosphere. The greenhouse gases absorb some of the infrared radiation (heat) which reflects back heat that gets trapped by the greenhouse gases inside our atmosphere is necessary to make the earth warm otherwise it will be too cold. This natural process is called the greenhouse effect. There’s no doubt that increases in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases strengthens the greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming. What remain uncertain are the precise effects of a strengthened greenhouse effect on global temperatures. Because there is still much to be learned about how the world’s climate will react to increased greenhouse gas concentrations, the range of possible climate futures projected by the EPIC is an indication of uncertainty about how much the world will warm over the coming entry-?not of whether that warm inning is happening. This study also focuses in the effects of climate change, the reaction and actions of the students regarding this. We as a researcher conducted random surveys to the first year students and aside from that we made our researches from different books and references. It is very important to us to conserve our environment and the species that live in it. In order to foster a positive environmental attitude among people, there should be an effective information education campaign to lengthen their environmental awareness and consequently promote better understanding of the various problems that plague the world today. The Bachelor in Office Administration freshmen students should not be left behind in responding to the protection of our environment. It is the duty of the schools to provide the students with mere knowledge about the physical condition of their environment specifically on how to conserve and protect the spheres of the earth in order to address climate change and global warming. As a student, it is also our part to be responsible in all our actions in order to give importance and care to our environment, because whatever happens to our surroundings it affects our way of living. We should be aware how prone and dangerous the effects of climate change and global warming, and do some actions regarding this issues. Theoretical Framework To study the level of awareness of the students about climate change, this necessarily involves the collection and processing of large amount of data that will be gathered from all freshmen BOA students. Lessons on climate change will be soon incorporated in elementary and high school curricula to raise the level of awareness on global environment issues among public school students. Climate change which regarded as a global primary concern, the Philippines is one of the developing countries expected to suffer the most of the ill effects of climate change. It is caused by several factors. Climate change refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity (anthropogenic causes). Some of the historic agreements on the fight against global warming and climate change include the united Nations Climate change Conference held in Bali, Indonesia in 2007 and the Bangkok Climate Change talks held from March 31 to April 4, 2008 in Thailand. The impact of climate change on natural ecosystem will be considerable. The result will be disrupted ecosystems and accelerated extinction for many plant and animal species. Climate has a big influence on plants and animals in the natural environment, on oceans, and on human activities, such as agriculture, water supplies, and heating and cooling. The effects of climate change depend upon how much change there is, how fast it occurs, and how easily the world can adapt to the new conditions. Climate may change faster than plants can move from one region to another. This may Cause species extinction, lower biodiversity, and changes n the way species interact. Climate change is also one of the factors causing an increase in the incidence of diseases like malaria, and dengue fever. According to Gushier Orin, the head of the WHO’s, western Pacific Office, 1 50,000 more people are dying each years of malaria, diarrhea, floods and malnutrition, all of which can be traced to climate change. Climate change is also causing sea levels to raise results to dry up and weather patterns to become erratic. Mom said, floods, drought, and hiatuses are talking as a tool to human health. The earth’s climate is influenced by average global imperative and sensitiveness changes in temperature and greenhouse gases result to global warming which is one of the key aspects of climate change. We know that the earth has become warmer over the last century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (EPIC), a group established by the World Meteorological Organization (WHOM) and the United Nations Environment Program (LINEN), reports that the average surface temperature of the earth has increased during the twentieth century by about 0. 6†² ICC. (The C means that the increase might be as small as 0. 40 C or as great as 0. C. ) This may seem like a small shift, but although regional and short-term temperatures do fluctuate over a wide range, global temperatures are generally quite stable. In fact, the difference between today’s average global temperature and the average global temperature during the last Ice Age is only about 5 degrees C. Indeed, it is warmer today around the world than at any time during the past 1 000 years, and the warmest years of the previous century have occurred within the past decade. An environmentalist has warned that the effects Of climate change are certain to affect the Philippines ND that mitigating measures must be adopted to cushion its impact. In his report entitled â€Å"Securing Lifeboats and Lifelines: Understanding the Climate Challenge, Building Local Solutions,† Jose Ma. Lorenz Tan, vice chair of World Wide Fund (WAP) Philippines, said â€Å"there is absolutely no doubt that the era of fossil fuels must end. † â€Å"To save itself, the planet has to shift, almost exponentially, to zero-carbon systems. Each nation, each community, each individual must play a role. The climate change that we are experiencing now is brought by humanity’s massive destruction of human resources and this is he factor which ash influence the cause of human history and human evolution. Conceptual Framework The working framework of the study is shown in a research paradigm clearly illustrated in a schematic diagram in figure 1 showing the interplay of the variables of the study. It presents a schematic presentation of the influence of the independent variables age, gender and section on the Dependent Variables that states the level of awareness and preparedness towards climate change and global warming. The output consists of the outcome on the result of the study. Independent Variables Variables Output Fig. Schematic Diagram Statement of the problem Dependent This study is aimed to assess the awareness of the freshmen students of Bachelor in Office Administration, SYS. 2009-2010 with particular emphasis about global warming and climate change. More specifically, it sought to answer the following: 1. What is the respondents profile in terms of: 1. 1 Name: (optional) 1. Gage: 1. Gender: 1. Section: 2. What is the level of awareness of freshmen BOA Students about climate change and global warming? 3. How prepared are the students towards climate change and global warming? 4. Is there any significant relationship teen the demographic profile of the students to their level of Awareness and Preparedness about Climate Change and Global Warming? Hypothesis There is no significant relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents to their level of Awareness and Preparedness on Climate Change and Global Warming. Significance of the Study Climate change due to human activities could be a marked warming trend in a place where rapid arbitration took place. Climate does change as evidence by many records. Evidence has been detected from fossils, habitat shifts and records such as droughts, floods and large scale migration. The result of this study is beneficial to school administrators, teachers, students, parents and also in the community. School Administrators and Supervisors. Results of the study could serve as basis of the policy formulation and decision. Making of the school official is designing programs and projects that will help promote a desired quality of campus environment that is totally wholesome to everyone. Further, school officials can make use Of the study to re-evaluate the existing academic curricular and the school environmental education programs, its implementation and compliance that ill be the basis of future action to solve the perceived existing problems thereof. Conclusive results could serve as guide in formulating the most appropriate educational strategy that school may adapt to attain the desired environmental behavior and practices of students in all academic levels. Students. This study will provide baseline information in promoting the students awareness toward climate change and global warming both in school and the community where they belong. It will give them certain insights on the prevailing phenomena confronting the country and the world; owe this affects their lives, and the generations to come, and how would they make concrete decision and actions geared toward improving the present environmental conditions. Government Officials. Information from this study will serve as a guide for the local and national government officials in their decisions on what appropriate legislation can be done promote participation from the youth or student sector towards achieving the desired quality of environment. Results can be the basis of planning and program/project implementation to government’s thrust for sustainable development. Community. Results that will be obtained from the study will be the basis for the community officials and parents in creating certain programs in which the youth can actively participate to improve the physical living condition in the very community where they are vital components. Present Researchers. The results of this study will guide the researcher in improving their competence in sharing their knowledge about the effects of climate change and global warming. Future Researchers. For those in the field of research and for the future researchers, this study can be utilized as baseline information for animal research that may be conducted in the future. It can be used as a reference material or as a useful citation or related literature. Further, this could be used to verify the existence of such a problem before making a final and solid conclusion on this subject. This study may become an instrument for school administrators in developing policies, rules and regulation that will guide them in identifying and understanding environment programs and activities that can be implemented in the schools. The teachers may get more idea about this study that will help them in teaching the students to be more aware about our environment especially bout climate change and for the students to be more responsible about our nature and be more aware in taking good care of it. Scope and Limitations This study was conducted to determine the level of awareness of students towards climate change and global warming. The respondents of the study were the BOA Freshmen students of Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sat. Mesa Manila. They were randomly selected from a total of 420 BOA freshmen students officially enrolled in the school year 2009-2010. The respondents were grouped according to the categories Of variables name, gender, age and section. Definition of terms: Anthropogenic – effects, processes or materials are those that are derived from human activities, as opposed to those occurring in biophysical environments without human influence Atmosphere – the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth or any other celestial body. Affiliation – This is defined as an association with an organization. (Merriam Webster Dictionary for Students, 2009) Awareness – is the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects or sensory pattern. Climate – Encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorological elements in a given region over long periods of time. Climate change – is a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time. Climate variation – is influenced by issues relating to climate change. Compel- This refers to doing something (as a person) by the use of physical, moral, or mental pressure. Contemplation – This is defined as an act of looking or thinking about something. Deprived – This refers to taking something away from having or doing something. Environment – the air, water, minerals, organizations, and al other external factors surrounding and affecting a given organism at any time. Exploitative – This is defined as an act of making use of something unfairly for one’s own benefit. Fluctuate- to be continually varying in an irregular way. Fossil fuel- natural fuel, such as oil and gas, derived from the composition of prehistoric plants and animals. Global warming – is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface. Greenhouse effect – is the heating of the surface of a planet or moon due to the presence of an atmosphere containing gases that absorb and emit infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases – are gases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range. Hiatuses- a break in continuity; a la CUNY. Impact – This refers to a strong effect. Implement – This is defined as an act of starting or putting something to action. Inefficient – This refers to the state of being ineffective. Labor – This is defined as a task or something that has to be done. Necessities – This refers to something that is badly needed. Phenomena – is any observable occurrence, refers to an extraordinary event. Prevalent – This is defined as being accepted, practiced, or happening often or over a wide area. Temperature – degree of heat and cold. Vulnerability – is the extent to which climate change may damage or harm a system, it is a function of both the sensitivity of a system or structure to climate and the opportunities for adaptation to new conditions The Variables 1. Respondents profile: 1 Section: 2. The level of awareness of freshmen BOA Students about climate change and global warming 3. Preparedness of the BOA Freshmen students about global warming and climate change. Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter presents the foreign literature, local studies and synthesis that re relevant to an inquiry on the level Of awareness and preparedness of the freshmen students towards global warming and climate change that will serve as the background for this investigation. Foreign Literature Causes of Global Climate Change The global climate must be viewed as operating within a complex atmosphere / earth / ocean / ice / land system. Any change to this system that will result in climate change is a product on forcing agents – the cause of climate change. Such forcing agents may be either internal or external. External forcing mechanisms involve agents acting from outside the climate yester. By contrast, internal mechanisms operate within the climate system itself. Despite global climate change currently being the most widely discussed among various recent global environment changes, there is mounting evidence that humans, in aggregate, are overloading the planet’s great biochemical systems. This has been summarized by Vitreous and Colleagues: â€Å"Human alteration of earth is substantial and growing. Between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 301 Since the beginning of the industrial revolution; more atmosphere nitrogen is fixed by humanity than by all natural terrestrial sources combined; more than half of all accusable surface fresh water is put to use by humanity, in about one-quarter of the birds species on earth have been driven to extinction. † Ash Mali stated on his book, Causes of Climate Change, 2008. The Earth’s climate has changed throughout history. From glacial periods (or â€Å"ice ages†) where ice covered significant portions of the Earth to interglacial periods where ice retreated to the poles or melted entirely – the climate has mutinously changed. Scientists have been able to piece together a picture of the Earth’s climate dating back decades to millions of years ago by analyzing a number of surrogate, or â€Å"proxy,† measures of climate such as ice cores, boreholes, tree rings, glacier lengths, pollen remains, and ocean sediments, and by studying changes in the Earth’s orbit around the sun. These climate change â€Å"drivers† often trigger additional changes or â€Å"feedbacks† within the climate system that can amplify or dampen the climate’s initial response to them (whether the response is warming or cooling). Irving M. Minter cited on his book The Federal Government Framework program for promoting climatic research, 1 982 that most scientist have considerable confidence that the enhance greenhouse effect is real, and that climate change is the result of human activities. Human activities are changing the composition of our atmosphere at unprecedented rate. If it will continue, our planet could experience a climatic shock unlike anything experienced 1 0,000 years. It would not be felt us an intermediate blow. The climate cannot disappear like an endangered species. Nor can explode like a runaway reactor. Nevertheless, the risks Of rapid climate change. Rapid in geologic and climatic standard are rising rapidly in our time. In this context, â€Å"shock† is the right term. It describes the impact that results from the set of changes may have on human economies and National ecosystem. He also concluded that climate change is not a new phenomenon. Earth’s climate has change before, many times in last 2 billion years. According to Irving the record of climate change over the geologic past is one of the most often cited but least understood, some of the evidence supporting the argument that human activities may have an important effect on our future climate. He wrote that some factors, civilizing the records of the past changes, may also be necessary to the future climate. Mongol stated in the climate change fraud: â€Å"Science calls for the United States and the developed world to cut pollution by at least 26 to 40 percent below 1 990 levels by 2020, and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80 to 95 percent by 2050. † Carbon dioxide is not â€Å"pollution. † It is the one gas vital to the growth of every kind of vegetation on Earth. It is to plants and trees what oxygen is to human beings and other creatures. Climate change may benefit or plague mankind. The cause of such changes in climate is also because of human activities, not only by natural events. The possible causes Of natural changes in the climate are alternations in the terrestrial orbit, a change in the solar constant, cosmic dust, and dust in the atmosphere caused by volcanoes. The climate system rests on reciprocal influences interacting between its various interlinked components. These are atmosphere, ocean, chromospheres, landmasses and biosphere. The biosphere exercises a substantial influence on global climate by means of its radiation, heat, and water budget. The carbon cycle is also a factor in climate change. An impact upon the climate may also ensue from the augmented use of nitrogen fertilizers. The hydrological cycle linked with the atmosphere is directly influenced by fluctuations in climate and both of these in turn affect the climate. Climate changes may influence food production in the major supplies regions. The impact of climatic changes in general and of precipitation, evaporation and glacier formation in particular plays a big part in the provision of adequate water supplies, reservoir storage, energy production, hipping, and land use.

perfect competition vs monopoly essays

perfect competition vs monopoly essays 1. Analyze the fast food industry from the point of view of perfect competition. Include the concepts of elasticity, utility, costs, and market structure to explain the prices charged by fast food retailers. Firms within the fast food industry fall under the market structure of perfect competition. Market structure is a classification system for the key traits of a market. The characteristics of perfect competition include: large number of buyers and sellers, easy entry to and exit from the market, homogeneous products, and the firm is the price taker. Many fast food franchises fit all or most of these characteristics. Competition within the industry as well as market supply and demand conditions set the price of products sold. For example, when Wendys introduced its $.99 value menu, several other companies implemented the same type of changes to their menu. The demand for items on Wendys value menu was so high because they were offering the same products as always, but at a discounted price. This change in market demand basically forced Wendys competition to lower prices of items on their menu, in order to maintain their share of the market. The previous example illustrates the elasticity of the fast food industry. Supply and demand set the equilibrium price for goods offered by franchises within the industry. Competitors of Wendys must accept the prices established by the consumer demand for the value menu. If consumers didnt respond so positively to Wendys changes, other firms wouldnt have had to adjust prices. On the flip side of this concept, there is no need for franchises to further reduce prices below the current levels. At the current prices, firms may sell as much product as they want, thereby maximizing profits. This industry has a very high utility value. Utility is a measure of satisfaction or pleasure that is obtained from consuming a good or servi ...